Archive

Prevalance and Identification of Camel Hard Ticks in East and West Hararghe Zones, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Mohammed Abrahim Ahmed*; Chala Ahmed; Dachas Abdalla

    This study was conducted in the East and West Hararghe Zones, located in the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia, from April 2022 to October 2022. The primary objective was to assess the prevalence of tick infestation and identify the specific tick genera affecting camels.


Review on Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease

Mohammed Abrahim Ahmed*; Chala Ahmed

    Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) has caused significant financial losses in the livestock industry. It is attributed to the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), a member of the Poxviridae family, with the Neethling strain as the original form. LSDV belongs to the Capri poxvirus genus, which also includes the sheep pox virus and goat pox virus.


The First Report on Parasites in Cats from Chapala, Mexico

Daniel Benjamín Borrego González; Alma Teresa Ochoa Amezcua; Laura Medina Gómez; Rafael Heredia Cardenas; Camilo Romero Núñez; Ariadna Flores Ortega*; Mauricio Arredondo Castro

    The increasing number of companion animals in urban areas, primarily cats and dogs, poses serious public health, veterinary, and socioeconomic issues worldwide. The control of parasitic zoonoses is of utmost importance because, despite mass drug administration and preventive measures, they have not been successfully eradicated.


Study on Prevalence of Bovine Fasciollosis and its Economic Importance in Gursum Woreda Municipal Abattior, Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

Nesredin Oumer; Abdurezak Mohamed*; Dino Abdi

    Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan's disease, its occurrence being dependent on the presence of biotypes suitable for the parasites as well as the snail intermediate host. A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2022 to April 2023 with the objectives of determining the prevalence, risk factor and economic importance of bovine fasciolosis in Gursum woreda municipal abattoir.


Is the Water Buffalo Species (Bubalus bubalis) Relatively more Sensitive to Fluorosis than other Species of Domestic Animals? Still, there is a Need for more in-depth Research on this

Shanti Lal Choubisa*

    Endemic fluorosis in domestic animals is the resultant of chronic fluoride intoxication. Animals that are repeatedly exposed to fluoride for a long-time through drinking fluoridated water, fluoridated food, and industrial fluoride pollution or air-borne fluoride emissions tend to suffer from this dangerous disease.


Review on Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Lumpy Skin Disease

Tilahun Zenebe Alemu*

    Lumpy skin disease is an emerging infectious disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus. It is World Organization for Animal Health notifiable list A disease. The disease is endemic in most African countries. It is transmitted primarily by biting insects and its incidence is high during wet seasons.


Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Lameness in Dairy Farmsat Hawasa City, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia

Mohammed Abrahim*; Chala Ahmed; Nesradin Umar; Abayineh Ayele; Ahmad in Mohammed

    Lameness is one of the greatest constraints to productivity, health, and welfare of dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March, 2022 to September, 2022 in Hawassa city with the aim of assessing prevalence and identifying associated risk factors of lameness in dairy farms.


Review on Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants

Tilahun Zenebe Alemu*

    Peste des petits ruminants is an acute, contagious, and highly fatal viral disease that affects different animal species which is caused by Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The genome contains six transcription units encoding in sequential order, the Nucleocapsid (N) protein, the Phospho (P) protein, the Matrix (M) protein, the Fusion (F) protein, the Hemagglutinin (H) protein and the Large (L) protein.


A Study on Prevalence and Economic Significance of Bovine Hydatidosis in Haramaya Muncpial Abattior

Mohammed Abrahim Ahmed*; Chala Ahmed; Araya Mengistu

    Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), which is caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus is one of the most important and commonly found parasitic zoonoses in both humans and different animals. A cross sectional study was conducted on both local and cross breeds of animals from March 2021 to September 2021 to estimate the prevalence and economic impact of hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Haramaya muncipial Abattoir.


Cross Sectional Study on the Identification, Prevalence and Associated Risk Factor of Hard Tick on Bovine at Goro Gutu Woreda, East Hararghe, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Asfaw Alemayehu Mamuye

    A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to March, 2018 at GoroGutu district, Eastern Hararghe, Oromia regional state to determine the prevalence of thetick infestation and identify the tick species in cattle. During the study period a total of384 cattle were examined and 82.81% (n =318) of them were found infested with tick.


Reviw on Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases, Future Challenges and Strategies for Sustainable Tackling

Sherif Mohammed*

   Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses are still remaining a leading cause of high morbidity and mortality in many countries of the world. These diseases constitute the major threats to human health; and are caused by a large number of organisms.


Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in Dairy Calves and Humans in Ambo and Toke Kutayedistricts of West Shewa Zone

Waktole Terfa*; Dejene Getushe

   Cryptosporidium is an enteric protozoan organism that causes gastrointestinal disorders in humans and different animals, mainly in calves. The cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2019 to May 2020, to estimate the prevaelence of Cryptosporidium infection in humans and calves and identify risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in West Shewa.


Macroscopic Characteristics of Post Mortem Lesions in Opossums (Didelphis Virginiana) in Yucatan

Enrique Salazar-Grosskelwing; Glendy Mariana Ortiz-Kú; Leonardo Guillermo-Cordero; Hugo Antonio Ruiz-Piña*

   Opossums are synanthropic marsupials that inhabit almost the entire American continent. These animals serve as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens thanks to their evolutionary adaptation and eating habits. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologies of the diseases in these animals. In the present study, 13 opossums were necropsied in Yucatan, postmortem pathological changes were recorded on a data sheet, and photographs of each individual were captured.


Assessment on Major Livestock Feed Resources and Constraints in Guji Zone, Southern Oromia

Teshale Jabessa

   The study was conducted with objective of assessing and rank the major livestock feed resources and its constraints in Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. Data was collected by group discussions and structured questionnaire in six districts. Data was collected from both secondary and primary data. A total of two hundred eighty eight (288) respondents were randomly selected and interviewed from districts based upon pre-tested structured questionnaire.


Assessment on Dairy Farmer's Hygienic Milking Practice and Awareness of Milk Born Zoonosis in and Around Wolaita Sodo Town

Akeko Abriham Abota; Natinael Dawit Kalacho*

    A cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia, from November, 2019 to April, 2020, to assess smallholder urban and rural dairy farmers' milk hygiene practices and awareness on milk-borne zoo-noses. Data were collected from a total of 125 randomly selected dairy farmers; using structured questionnaire and observation. Regarding to farm ownership 99 farms were owned by private farmers, 24 from cooperatives and the rest 2 farms were from governmental. Farm hygiene, animal hygiene, use of towel for drying teats, wash of hands were taken as a components for milking hygiene practice in selected dairy small holder farmers this study. Association of described hygienic practices was made with parameters such as sex, age, level of education and location of farmers, management systems and farm ownership.


Epidemiology of Helminthes, Protozoans and Ectoparasites of Fishes: A Review

Birke Bula; Michael Etana; Tagesu Abdisa; Milsan Getu

    Fish production has a crucial role in food security. However, fish production is decreased by infectious and non-infectious diseases. Parasitic disease is one of the non-infectious diseases that affects the productivity of the fish in the system through decreasing growth rates, spoiling the appearance of fish, lowering the quality and quantity of fish, and low reproduction.


The Economic Impact of Lumpy Skin Disease and Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccination for the Control of Outbreaks in Pakistan

Ali Haider*; Hannana Maryam; Umair Waqas; Mahnoor Fatima; Zaheer Abbas; Ahmad Farhan; Rida

    Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) may cause major financial damage to farmers. It is a significant barrier to global trade. The Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) is a member of the Capri poxvirus genus. The LSD significantly reduces milk production, which might drop from 10 percent to 85%. Consumption of milk and meat has decreased by 60percent to 70percent in Karachi (Pakistan) as a result of LSD usage. Cattle of all species and ages are affected, although lactating cows and young cattle are more at risk.


A Preliminary Study on Major Diseases of Cattle Circulating in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Tesfaye Debelu*; Dagim Berhanu; Baradin Aman

    Diseases have numerous negative impacts on the productivity and fertility of cattle. Reduced productivity, stunted growth of young animals, and reproductive failure are among the major impediments which wane the economic benefits of cattle producers.


Evaluation of “Eddie Mobile Application’’ as a Tool of Diagnosis and Surviellance of Trypanosomosis and Babesiosis of Cattle at Nekemte, Bako and Shambu Veterinary Clinics, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Nemomsa Anbese; Tesfaye Mersha*; Motuma Debelo; Takele Beyene

    Accurate disease reporting, ideally in near real time, is a prerequisite to detecting disease outbreaks and implementing appropriate measures for their control. Hence, a descriptive case study was used in this study by Purposive sampling of cattle coming to veterinary clinics. Accuracy of EDDIE app compared with conventional (paper-based) of cattle disease diagnosis and reporting in terms of demographics and disease information.


Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Farmers Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards the Disease in Selected Districts of Western Ethiopia

Tesfaye Mersha Cherinnat*; Motuma Debelo Dibaba

    Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (Mmm SC). A crosssectional study design was conducted in selected district of East Wollega and West Showa zones of western Ethiopia to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of farmers towards CBPP disease.


Prevalence, Public Health and Associated Risk Factors of Coccidiosis in Small Ruminants at Deyniile Sub-District in Mohadishu, Somalia

Abdirahman Barre*; Abdifatah Muhudin Hirabe; Abdinasir Abdullahi Mohamed; Amel Adan Ibrahim; Hassan Elmi Mohamed; Mohamed Abdi Adan; Najmo Abdullahi Mohamed

    Prevalence study of coccidiosis was conducted in Raadeerka, Gubta and Bangalo in deyniile Sub-district, using a cross sectional approach. A total of 120 faecal samples were examined, the overall positive for the parasite was 100% of which, 37.5%, in sheep and 62.5% in goats. Sex and species did not significantly influence (p > 0.05) the trend of infection.


Pan-Fungal Polymerase Chain Reaction and Fungal Precipitins Assays in West Highland White Terriers with Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Elodie Roels*; Coralie Barrera; Laurence Millon; Minna M Rajamäki; Jessica J Talbot; Vanessa R Barrs; Cécile Clercx

    Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CIPF) is a progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin mainly occurring in old West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs). The objective of this study was to investigate a potential association between fungal infection or sensitization and CIPF. These results suggest that an association between CIPF and active fungal infection is unlikely as fungal DNA was equally amplified from lung of CIPF-affected WHWTs and controls.


Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in and around Anchar Woreda, West Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia

Wazir Shafi*; Jemal Teha Elemo

    The present study was conducted from April 2015 up to the end of November 2015 in the west Hararghe Zone Oromia Region, Eastern part of Ethiopia in and around Anchar district with the aim to know or to determine the prevalence, of bovine fasciolosis in and around Anchar and to recommend the controlling method of fasciolosis in study area. The method employed in the study area was sedimentation technique. A total of 385 were selected randomly from the study populations and from the total examined 79(20.5%) cattle were positives for fasciolosis...


Bovine Cystycercus in and Around Anchar Woreda West Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia

Wazir Shafi*; Jemal Teha Elemo

    Bovine cysticercosis is economically critical and important parasitic disease due to elegance cestoda, order cyclophyllidea, family taeniidae. Across-sectional survey turned into undertaken with inside the slaughterhouse to look at of the cysticercos bovis in cattle originated from one-of-a-kind localities and to determine the cyst circus bovis in addition to distribution in different organs within infected animals in anchar slaughterhouse. Out of the entire 384 cattle slaughtered and tested at anchar slaughterhouse, seventy nine animals (20.57%) should be positive for C.bovis 20.57%infection. Predilection sites for C...


A Study on Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in Wolaita Zone Sodo Zuria Woredas Southern Ethiopia

Dr. Wengelu Welamo

    The cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with bovine babesiosis and to identify the vectors involved in the transmission of these diseases in and around the Wolaita zone, the case district sodozuria, Southern Ethiopia. It was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019...


Adverse Impacts of Climate Changes on One Health: A Review

Isayas Asefa

    Climate change has myriad implications for the health of humans, our ecosystems, and the ecological processes that sustain them. Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alter the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over a comparable period...


A Review on Immunity Against Tumor Cells

Dr. Wengelu Welamo

    The immune response is a complex group of defense responses produced in both humans and advanced vertebrates that are involved in the elimination of abnormal somatic cells that develop into cancer. It occurs through the development of immunological memory through extensive effector functions to target and destroy pathogens, or through adaptive immune responses for subsequent defense mechanisms...


Effect of Different Management Systems on the Performance of Black Bengal Goat for Sustainable and Profitable Farming

Nibash Debbarma; Avijit Haldar; Santanu Bera; Tridib Debnath; Avishek Paul; Sandip Chakraborty*; Kuldeep Dhama

    The present study was undertaken to investigate the changes in body weight, body measurements, reproductive parameters, hemato biochemical variables, faecal parasitic load and incidence of disease rate in black Bengal female goats (n=60) managed under extensive, semi-intensive and intensive system for evaluating the sustainability and economic viability. The partial budget analysis was done to determine the profitability of farming among the 3 different management systems...


Performance and Feed Cost Benefit of Laying Birds Fed Diet Containing Fermented Cassava Peel Meal Blended with Palm Oil Sludge

Ezeoke FC; Onunkwo DN*; Okeudo NJ

    This study investigated the performance of laying birds fed diet containing Fermented Cassava Peel Meal (FCPM) mixed with Palm Oil Sludge (POS). The fermented cassava peel meal was obtained by putting the fresh cassava peels in an air tight polyethene bag for four days to enhance the fermentation process after which it was sundried until the weight becomes constant. Then, the fermented cassava peels were milled to obtain fermented cassava peel meal...


Assessment on Livestock Feed Resources and Utilization Practices in Derashe Special District, Southern-Western Ethiopia: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

Amba Chufa; Yilkal Tadele; Denbela Hidosa*

    Lack of updated information on the livestock feed resource and utilization practice are major challenges to livestock producers and police makers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted in Derashe special district with aim of assessing the availability of feed resources and feeding practice, chemical composition of major feeds, and major constraints and opportunities for livestock feed production...


Benefits of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meal (Molm) As a Natural Feed Supplement of Broiler Chicks Reared Under Heat Stress Conditions

Olusiyi JA*; Yusuf HB; Yusuf SZ; Daudu AMJ; Igila TT

    A growth experiment was conducted to study productive performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meals (MOLM) under heat stress condition. Three hundred a week-old chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 supplemented with MOLM (0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%), respectively...


Improve Patient Care and Enhance Client Engagement with At-Home, Low-Level Laser Therapy

Joel Ehrenzweig*; James St. Clair

    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the veterinary profession. Practices have struggled to maintain high-quality veterinary care while safeguarding the health and welfare of staff, patients and clients. Reducing hours of operation and triaging appointments based on the severity of a medical problem has significantly decreased the availability of clinic visits for patients with chronic but non-life-threatening conditions, often irritating the most loyal clientele...


Evaluation of Elephant Grass (Pennisetumperpureum) Variety for Agronomic Parameters andBiomass Yields under Rain Fed Condition to Improve Feed Availability in South Omo, South-Western Ethiopia

Denbela Hidosa*; Bereket Zeleke; Fikre Nahom

    The Elephant grass species is among the tropical-grass and have provided high amount biomass to the livestock. Therefore, this study was initiated to evaluate the agronomic parameters and biomass yields of four Elephant grass varieties under rain fed condition in South Omo Zone. The four Elephant grass varieties such as ILRI-16840, Werer-1333, Areka-local and Werer-local were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications per variety...


Determination of Pyrothyroid (Deltamethrin) Pesticides and Ivermectine Residues in Local Sheep Milk and Mutton by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Ali MM Mani*; Riyadh R Al Araji

    Food safety remains a major concern for society, applications to protect milk and animal productions from chemical residues by using precise methods to detect the smaller levels of these residues. The identification of DLM and IVM residues in 80 samples (40 each sheep milk and mutton) collected from different area and slaughterhouses shop of wasit was performed...


Surveillance of Aedes aegypti Using a Reduction Sampling Size for Its Application during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Havana, Cuba

María del Carmen Marquetti*; Magaly Castillo; Iris Peraza; Maricely Milian; Roberto Molina; Maureen Leyva1;Juan A Bisset; Mirian Acosta; Veerle Vanlerberghe

    Background: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) indicated guidelines on the prevention and control of dengue during the COVID-19 pandemic, reinforcing the surveillance and control of its vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
Objective: To evaluate the larval indices and others entomological indicators in high risk blocks in Havana in order to rationalize the efforts in entomological surveillance, speed.


Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Three Different Protein Sources in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: Response of Intestinal Digestive Enzymes

Francesco Gai; Gabriella Caruso*; Sihem Dabbou; Ugo Muglia; Laura Gasco

    Objective: In fish feeding formulation, high interest has recently been addressed to protein sources alternative to Fish Meal (FM); nevertheless, the response of digestive enzymes to dietary changes is not fully known. To fill this gap, a study was undertaken in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to explore the effects on intestinal enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases A and B, amylase)...


Cleaner Production (CP), Reduction of Dairy Losses: Case Study from Misr Company for Dairy and Food Mansoura, Egypt

El-Sayed El-Tanboly*; Mahmoud El-Hofi; Youssef Bahr Youssef; Osama Ibrahim; Adel Kholif

    Dairy products are of great importance to the Miser Company for Dairy and Food, Mansoura, Egypt, as they contribute to its development and economic diversification. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible environmental impacts caused by the corresponding activities. Thus, the adoption of Cleaner Production (CP) techniques can contribute to improving production processes, as well as providing economic benefits, environmental protection and better working environment.


Antibiotic Resistance and Stewardship in Small Animal Practice - A Review

Sharon N Mbindyo*; Tequiero O Abuom; Jafred MA Kitaa

    This review identifies key antibiotic-resistant bacteria in small animals and highlights the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs in small animal practice. The use of antibiotics is crucial in the treatment of infections in small animals; however, their injudicious use has led to increased reports of antibiotic resistance raising significant public health concerns...


Review on Bloat in Cattle

Tewedage Yirdachew; Gizaw Mekonnen*

    Bloat (ruminal tympany) is abnormal distension of the rumen and reticulum caused by excessive retention of the gases of fermentation; either in the form of persistent foam mixed with the rumen contents or as free gas separated from the ingesta. Bloat is a multi-factorial disease, which is mainly caused by legume pasture feed, legume hay feed, high concentrate feed, acidosis and rumenitis and other lesions...


Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Species in Poultry

Disouky Mohamed Mourad*; Hany Fawzy Ellakany; Ashraf Mahmoud Awad; Reyad Hassan Khalil; Azza Said Ahmed Gouda

    In this study 60 broiler chicken, 7 layer and 11 duck farms of different ages suffering from diarrhea and stunted growth were investigated for Aeromonas species, 9 broiler chicken farms yielded 14 Aeromonas isolates (7 A. caviae, 2 A. hydrophila, 3 A. schubertii and 2 A. trota), 1 layer farm yielded only one A. trota isolate and 2 duck farms produced 2 A. hydrophila isolates. Bacteriological examination of ration and water samples of 50 poultry farms revealed A...


Brucella Infection in Domestic Animals in Nigeria: A Review

Ibrahim S*; Kaltungo BY; Mohammed FU; Buhari HU; Baba AY; Saidu SNA; Dahiru MH

    Brucellosis of animal origin is currently in the increase, especially in the developing countries like Nigeria where animals and man share microenvironment together coupled with lack of proper control measures. The disease due to Brucella species has zoonotic implication and is responsible for high economic loss. Brucella spp...


Prevalence and Control of Brucellosis in Saudi Camel Herds

Mohammed Babiker MH*; Ahmed Alamin; Ibrahim Qasim; Ali Alsahaf; Ali Abdulal; Hussain Lulu; Hajras Haseeb; Kamal Zidan; Khalid Alzhhrani; Hussain Al Abdullah

    Background: The occurrence of brucellosis in camel might leads to significant economic lose in affected herd and it is associated with human brucellosis in Saudi Arabia due to habit of raw milk consumption. Thus, it is important to monitor the prevalence of Brucella infection to control it and to avoid economic loss..


Morphological Description of Dermic Denticles of Guitar Ray (Pseudobatos horkelli)

Luana Felix de Melo*; Bruna Grandisoli Andrade; Jessica Ferreira de Souza; Marcelly Giovanna Silva; Helder Telles Stapait; Edris Queiroz Lopes; Rose Eli Grassi Rici

    Dermal denticles or placoid scales can be classified as tooth-like structures that cover the body of the elasmobranchs. Which gives them a rough skin. However, if your skin were devoid of these structural dermal elements, that is, a smooth surface, this would cause turbulence, which would lead to a deficiency in your swimming, ability to protect yourself from biofouling and drag caused by swimming. The denticles are better preserved in fossil records than other structures...


Successful Management of Crop Infection in a Parrot Chick

Bithika Halder*; Amit Raj Gupta

    Crop or ingluvies is a muscular pouch like structure acts an important part of digestive tract of avian species, which helps to store the food prior to digestion. Crop infection is very common in pet birds, mostly in baby birds. A 25 days old parrot was presented to TVCC, W.B.U.A.F.S., Kolkata with a history of inappetance from three days, regurgitation and diarrhoea. On the basis of history and clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as crop infection...


Molecular Detection of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites in Village Chickens (Gallus gallusDomesticus) in Gombe State, Nigeria

Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal*, Umar Isa Ibrahim; Abdullahi Abubakar Biu; Hassan Ismail Musa

    The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecularly identify the species of haemosporidian parasites in village chickens in Gombe State, Nigeria, using microscopy and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Whole blood samples were collected from 1600 village chickens from eight local government areas of Gombe State...


Falsification of Milk and Dairy Products by Gas-Liquid Chromatography by Spectrometric Detection

Iroda Salimova

    The basis of the state program for the development strategy of the Republic Uzbekistan until 2030 is the long-term improvement of the sanitary, hygienic, biological and nutritional characteristics of food products. In recent years, the market share of counterfeit food products is 7-8% and tends to increase. The largest number of non-standard samples was found among milk and dairy products.


Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Arsi-Bale Sheep Fed Various Levels of Sugarcane Bagasse Contained Ration

Wude Tsega*; Worknesh Seid; Ejegayehu Demisse

    This experiment was conducted to compare growth performance and carcass yield of Arsi-Bale sheep fed various levels of sugarcane bagasse contained diets to determine optimum level of sugarcane bagasse inclusion. The bagasse inclusion levels were 0, 10, 20 and 30% of commonly used diet in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Thirty-two yearling intact lambs with an initial live weight of 19.8 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± SE) were randomly assigned to four treatments in randomized complete block design....


Abundances of Ectoparasite of Sheep around West Shoa Zone Gindeberet Woreda

Tadesse Tilahun Feyisa

    A cross sectional study was carried out in West Shoa Zone of Oromia regional state in Gindeberet woreda from June 20/2017 to October 2017, Sheep are the most important farm animal in our country, special dominant livestock, providing skin or wool and cash income in addition to food subsistence value obtained from livestock production. However due to the ectoparasite there is loss of skin value, income and wool due to poor management problem...


Effect of Inclusion Level of Commercial Additive on Quality and Digestibility of Silages Made From Cereal Fodders

Rafiuddin*; Muhammad Abdullah; Khuda-i-dad Khan; Mir Ahmad Khan; Asghar Khan; Muhammad Alam; Muhammad Akbar Nasar; Muhammad Yahya

    The present study examined the effect of biological silage additive (Sil-all 4 × 4) on nutritive value, fermentation and physical quality of silages made from maize, sorghum and oat fodders. All the cereal fodders were harvested at 30-35% DM contents and ensiled in laboratory silos as 4 groups; 1) CON without any additive, 2) 8G, the additive was used @ 8 g/ton of fresh forage material, 3) 10G, additive was used @ 10 g/ton, and 4) 12G, additive was used @ 12 g/ton...


Dairy Product Processing and its Marketing in Ethiopia: Current Scenario and Way Forward

Adane Mota Japaro

    Ethiopia is home for huge diversity of livestock and which has taken first position in Africa in its livestock potential. Ethiopia generates income from its livestock in the form of as source of food, cash in the form of foreign currency. Despite its huge livestock potential Ethiopia gained from livestock sector in general and dairy sector in particular is below from existing potential...


Molecular Detection of Fancy Birds Parasites for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiology - A Review

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar*; Rao Zahid Abbas; Muhammad Arfan Zaman; Kazim Ali; Farhan Ahmad Atif; Tahir Hussain; Iram Liaqat; Madiha Kiran; Yousef AbdalJalil Fadladdin; Asia Bibi; Milka Vaijan Londhe; Javeria Saeed

    Fancy birds in Pakistan and all around world play a pivotal role in the economy and social associations with community. These birds includes pigeons, peacock, ducks, love birds, chicken, doves and parrots. This study is about fancy birds and their parasites that cause different diseases to other birds as well as infection to human beings. Bird’s parasites can be isolated and detected by using different techniques i.e...


Successful Management of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Pregnant Cattle

Bithika Halder

    Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, worldwide-distributed significant epidemic viral disease of domestic animals mainly cloven-footed animals including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and many species of wild ungulates. The present study discuss about the clinical management of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)...


Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Goats and Sheep using the Indirect Haemagglutination Test in Peshawar, Kyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Adnan Yousaf*; Ali Gul Soomro; Asghar Subhani; Saqib Ali Fazilani; Muhammad Naeem Jan; Abdullah Babar; Muhammad Bilawal Arain; Loveson Lakhani; Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar; Khush Hal; Muhammad Mubashir Farooq; Zainab Lanjar; Abdul Latif Bhutto; Sindhu Baloch; Rehana Shahnawaz

    The goal of this study was to find out how common Toxoplasma gondii infection is in goats and sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan. T. Gondii antibodies were detected in serum using the Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHA). T. Gondii antibodies were identified in 192 goats (45.71%) out of a total of 420 goats. Male goats had a prevalence of n=49 (28.82%) while female goats had a prevalence of n = 147 (58.80%)...


Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses in Cattle Using Indirect Elisa and Real Time PCR

Adnan Yousaf*; Inayatullah Sarki; Abdullah Babar; Rabia Khalil; Adeela Sharif; Mamoona Arshad; Rida Tabbasum; Tayyba Awais; Asfa Sakhawat; Rehana Shahnawaz; Sindhu Baloch; Abdul Latif Bhutto

    The purpose of this study was to find out how common Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was in cattle slaughtered at the Rawalpindi slaughterhouse in Pakistan. n=606 healthy cattle’s sera and Oro-Pharyngeal (OP) fluid were collected. These animals came from ten different livestock markets throughout Punjab. The animals ranged in age from one to fourteen years. FMD virus (FMDV) nonstructural proteins (NSP) and indirect ELISA were used to examine sera...


Serum Biochemistry and Organ Weights of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Bambara Nut Offal and Millet Spent Grains Based Concentrate

Uguru JO*; Ocheja JO; Shettima I; Onainor ER; Nwali CC; Turaki AU; Adegbe JY; Moemeka MA

    Twenty growing West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were allotted to four dietary treatments of five goats each. The goats were fed concentrate supplement diets containing varying levels of bambara nut offals and cereal spent grains at ratios 100:0%, 50:50%, 33:67% and 0:100% for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively at 100 g/goat/day; and Panicum maximum at 250 g/goat/day for 63 days...


Bovine Brucellosis Seroprevalence and Potential Transmission Risk to Workers at the Port-Bouët Abattoir, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Kaba Soufiana; Acapovi-Yao Geneviève; Dagnogo Komissiri; Kallo Vessaly; Sevidzem Silas Lendzele*; Bakou Serge

    Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world. It is caused by Brucella species and is an infectious and contagious disease transmissible to humans and to several animal species. This disease remains one of the neglected diseases in several countries and represents a real public health problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at the Port-Bouët abattoir in order to determine the seroprevalence as well as to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of workers...


Anatomico Surgical Study on the Thyrolaryngeal Region of Balady Dog

MA Nazih*; MW El-Sherif

    The present study was carried out on 10 heads of adult apparently healthy of both sexes of balady dogs. The samples were attended for the anatomical study on the thyrolarngeal region. Characteristic features of the latter were declared out, outer landmarks, superficial and deep anatomical structures as well as their relations. The anatomical work in this study tried to find the guide base for the surgeons during the critical interference in regards to scanty literatures...


Ethiopian Gender Dynamics in Dairy Production along the Climate Smart Dairy Value Chain

Tamirat Kebede

    Both men and women have a significant contribution to agricultural related activities in the African continent, although the contributions of women are not usually explicitly recognized in official statistics and documents. Like different African countries, Ethiopian women traditionally have been subject to socio-cultural and economic discrimination that resulted in fewer economic and social opportunities than men...


Canine Babesiosis: An Overview

Bithika Halder*; Amit Raj Gupta

    Canine Babesiosis is one of the most common, globally existent, fast spreading tick-borne diseases of haemoprotozoan origin caused by different species of Babesia. The clinical signs appear as a result of hemolysis due to presence of the organism within the erythrocytes. But some species of Babesia may also trigger immune mediated component to anaemia along with severe inflammatory reaction resulting to morbidity and mortality in animals...


The Challenges of using Camera Traps to Investigate Zoo-Housed Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Nocturnal Behaviour

Giovanni Quintavalle Pastorino*; Rachel Cartwright; James Edward Brereton; Kim Wilkins; Richard Preziosi

    The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was historically a regular feature of zoological collections, but has become less common in zoos in many countries. Historic exhibit designs for polar bears were often small and did not always allow the animals to express much natural behaviour or locomotion. However, advances in polar bear enclosure design, focusing on greater roaming and swimming opportunities, may make the keeping of this species more feasible...


Raising Poultry and Cattle in Covid-19 Era

Rosemary IONwoha

    On Dec. 31, 2019. China alerted the world health organization (WHO) to several cases of unusual respiratory illness and phenomenon in humans in Wuhan, a port city of 11 million people in the central Hubei province [1].
Gradually COVID’19 became a pandemic and was identified by the WHO as a communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-2) [2].


Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis and Associated Economic Loss in Cattle Slaughtered at Kombolcha Industrial Abbatior

Gedefaw Mequaninit*; Ayehu Mengesha

    A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2013 up to March 2014 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and associated economic loss in cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha industrial Abattoir. In this study, a total of 409 cattle from the abattoir were randomly selected and coprologically examined by sedimentation techniques and postmortem examination for fluke identification and count...


A Review on Veterinary Drug Management, Handling, Utilization and its Resistance Side Effects

Ayehu Mengesha

    Veterinary drugs play an important role in the control and prevention of animal diseases and animal sufferings, however it have the potential to cause harm if it is not used properly. Successful animal health service provision needs the availability of safe, effective and affordable drugs of the required quality and quantity. The available drugs must be prescribed, presented, transported, dispensed, labeled, packaged, measured and used rationally...


Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor of Anterior Mandible

Garima Rawat*; Hema Malini Aiyer

    Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is a rare benign but locally aggressive neoplasm characterized by biphasic morphology consisting of a predominant ameloblastomatous proliferation and a less prominent component of basaloid to stellate reticulum cells. The tumour characteristically contains aberrant keratinization, with a variable number of ghost cells and material morphologically resembling dentinoid or osteodentin...


Efficacy of Octenidine Hydrochloride in Reducing Clostridioides Difficile Spores on Stainless Steel Surfaces

Genevieve Flock; Shankumar Mooyottu; Abraham Joseph Pellissery; Kumar Venkitanarayanan*

    Objective: The spores of Clostridioides difficile can survive on surfaces for several months, and act as a source of new and recurrent infections by fecal-oral route. The objective was to investigate the sporicidal efficacy of Octenidine Hydrochloride (OH) against C. difficile spores on stainless steel surfaces.
Methods: Suspensions containing ~1,000,000 C. difficile (ATCC 1870 and 1805) spores/ml were inoculated on steel discs and treated with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of OH in ethanol (70%) for 10 min...


The Nutraceutical Characteristics of Donkey Milk: A New Insight for its Potential Probiotics

Ankur Kumari; Parvati Sharma*

    Toddlers, elder persons and immunocompromised persons the most frequent engender of hypersensitivity are some milk components. Several results of experimentations on milk hypersensitive toddler’s serum shown that the caseins proteins manifest the allergic reaction and act as potent allergen. In few cases, α-lactalbumins & β-lactoglobulines also impart the potent role in the hyper allergic situation...


Repercussions and Mitigation of Heat Stress in Poultry: A review

Sushma; Parvati Sharma*

    To achieve successful poultry production and welfare, it is critical to understand and control environmental variables. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors that poultry industries face around the world. Heat stress has a variety of negative impacts on broilers and laying hens, ranging from lower growth and egg production to decreased quality and safety of poultry and eggs...


Prevalence and Antibiogram of Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination of Liver, Spleen, Ruminal Content and Effluent in Jos, Nigeria

HI Dunka*; M Bello; MK Lawan

    Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of L. monocytogenes from the liver, spleen, ruminal content of cattle and goats and effluent from abattoir/slaughter slabs in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and 360 samples were collected which include raw liver, spleen, ruminal content and effluent. Statistical test using Pearson’s chi-square test for independence was done to determine the frequency of isolation of L. monocytogenes.


Factors Associated with Bacteriological Cure of S. aureus in Bovine Mastitis in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Abdela Edao Nura*; Bruk Abraha Fitwi; Esayas Gelaye Leykun

    A study was conducted with the objective of evaluating risk factors those play role in the treatment failure of bovine mastitis. During the study, animals were randomly selected from California mastitis test positive cases and assigned to treatment with intramammary infusion (Meltjet, Ashish life science). Both bacteriological and cytological analysis took place to observe change in the somatic cell count and bacteriological status, before and after treatment...


Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Human and Animals

Yunus Salimov

    The review addresses issues related to the toxic effect of synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zetacypermethrin, esfenvalerate), neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) and pesticides from the group of organophosphorus compounds. In the pathogenesis of poisoning with these pesticides, local and systemic effects on organs and tissues, general intoxication, and a detrimental effect on the immune and reproductive systems of mammals can be distinguished...


Study on Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ovine Fasciolosis in and Around Nekemte Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Gemechu Regea*; Gemeda Getachew

    A cross-sectional study was carried out in east wellaga zone of Oromia region from November 2018 to April 2019 to determine the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis specifically in and aroud Nekemte town. A total of 384 fecal samples were randomly collected directly from the rectum of individual animals analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Parasitological investigation was performed using sedimentation technique. From a total of 384 cooprologically examined sheep, 126 animals were found positive for fasciolosis with an overall prevalence of 32.8%...


An investigation into the Behavior, Sociality and Enclosure Use of Group-Housed Lions and Tigers

Elena Giulia Galardi; Martina Fabbroni; Fabio A Rausa; Richard Preziosi; James Edward Brereton; Giovanni Quintavalle Pastorino*

    It is common practice in zoological collections to house lions (Panthera leo) in prides, yet other felid species are typically housed in pairs or singly. This study investigated the effects of group-housing on a pride of 21 lions, and 10 tigers (Panthera tigris) at the Fasano Zoo, Italy. Both species were housed in large, safari-style exhibits, allowing animals to either interact with or avoid conspecifics...


Dynamics of Hemostatic Parameters in some Ungulates

Abdulrahman A Jarelnabi; Ibrahim A Alhidary; Amel O Bakhiet; Khalid A Abdoun*; Mansour F Hussien

    Context and aims: Normal coagulation parameters are vital for evaluating and understanding clinical manifestation of hemorrhagic diseases.
Methods: Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the interspecies and intersex differences in certain coagulation parameters in three gazelle species namely Idmi (n=16), Reem (n=36), Erlangeri gazelles (n=22) and she-camel (n=20).


Prebiotic Role of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Health Status, Blood Chemistry and Diarrhoeal Patterns in Neonatal Calves

Sajib SH*; Islam MK

    TThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic role of chitosan oligosaccharides on health status, blood chemistry and diarrheal patterns in neonatal calves. A total of 50 local shahiwal crossbreed female calves aged 1 to 5 days whose initial body weight (24 + 1.0 kg) more or less similar were randomly allocated into two (n=25) experimental groups...


Epidemiological Studies and Molecular Diagnosis Compared with Bacteriological Examination for Detection Carriers of Strangles in Horses

Amira S Helal Hassenin*; Fikry H Yousef; Abdalla A Abou- Zeid; Mohammed I Eisa

    Strangles is a highly contagious and serious infection of horses and other equidae caused by the bacteria S. equi. Strangles is characterized by abrupt onset of fever followed by upper nasal respiratory tract catarrh, as evidence by mucopurulent nasal discharge and acute swelling with subsequent abscess formation in submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes...


Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi(Ocimum sanctum) Extract in the Growth Performance of Broiler with Economics of Production

Md Sazzad Hossain; Md Ashraf Zaman Faruk*; Dolan Das; Sobrata Das

    This experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum) extract supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total No. of 20 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks was properly reared and after seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A and B. The group A (n=10) was kept as a control and not treated...


Investigating the Nocturnal Behavior of Zoo-Housed Tawny Frogmouths

Megan Williams; Marianne Sarah Freeman; James Edward Brereton*

    The tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) is an insectivorous bird found throughout Australia and Tasmania. The nocturnal habits of this species make them a challenging subject for wild behavioral research. Captive studies may therefore help to fill a knowledge gap in the 24-hour activity budget for this species. To investigate the behavior of captive frogmouths, we used nocturnal cameras on a pair, trio and group of five birds held at two zoological collections in the United Kingdom...


Supplemental Defatted Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica Affected Apparent Retention and Ileal Digestibility of Nutrients in a Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diet for Broiler Chickens

Tao Sun; Andrew D Magnuson; Shengfa F. Liao; Xin Gen Lei

    Objective: This study was to assess impacts of including 10% defatted microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, 45% crude protein and 3.8% ether extract) into a corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler chickens on apparent retention and ileal digestibility of nutrients.
Procedures: Day-old hatchling Cornish Giant cockerels were divided into two groups (6 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) and fed either the basal (control) or the microalgae-supplemented (microalgae) diet for 6 weeks.


A Value Co-Creation Framework to Manage Service Quality in the UK Animal Health and Veterinary Sector

Alison Z Pyatt; Gillian H Wright; Keith Walley; Emma CL Bleach

    This paper outlines the development of a value co-creation framework for the management of service quality in the animal healthcare sector. A mixed-methods approach that combined depth interviews and a survey (n=663) was utilised. The research found that the key dimensions of value co-creation in the animal healthcare sector are Interaction, Access, and Location and that there are statistically significant relationships between service quality and a number of underlying value co-creation variables...


Retained Fetal Membrane in Tanzanian Dairy Cows: Economic Impacts and Subsequent Reproductive Performances

IP Kashoma*; AA Ngou

    Background: Retained Fetal Membrane (RFM) is among of the most common disorders affecting reproduction of dairy cattle. It has subsequent adverse effect on milk production, delays uterine involution, predispose cows to endometritis and decreased fertility. The present study was carried out to investigated the incidence, risk factors, reproductive and financial losses and subsequent reproductive effects associated with RFM in three dairy herds in Tanzania.


Population Estimation of Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Salmo Trutta and Schizothorax Plagastimous inUpper River Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Tariq Khan; Shaukat Hayat; Farmanullah*; Haider Hayat; Sardar Ali; Sabir khan; Muhammad Ahmad

    This study was designed to assess the population status of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout), Salmo trutta (brown trout) and Schizothorax plagastimous (swati fish) in river Swat. Data were collected from four subareas (SAs) namely Madyan (SA1), Mankiyal (SA2), Kalam (SA3) and Mahoo Dhand (SA4). Fishes captured with electrofisher were identified morphologically and the wet weight and body length were determined...


Aflatoxins Determination in Commercial Dog Food

Valladares-Carranza B*; Felipe-Pérez YE; Ortega-Santana C; Velázquez-Ordoñez V; Sánchez-Torres JE; Rivero-Pérez N; José Zamora-Espinosa JL; Zaragoza-Bastida A*

    Aflatoxins are metabolites produced by different kinds of fungi (Penicilium sp, Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp), which can be toxic for different animal species and even for humans. In order to determine the presence of aflatoxins in commercial dog food, sold and marketed in Toluca City, Mexico, 20 samples were collected and processed through thin layer chromatography (qualitative test), with the Stoloff method. Results were expressed through non-parametric statistics...


Socio-Demographic Study of the Selective Livestock (Goat-Sheep) Rearing and Fattening Contributors for Poverty Reduction in Northern Part of Bangladesh

Md Hemayatul Islam; Md Jalal Uddin Sarder*; Md Majadur Rahman; Md Akramul Islam; Md Shafiul Islam; Md Sarwar Hossain; Muhammad Harun or Rashid

    Context: The baseline survey was carried out for the selection of farmers/beneficiaries with the socio-demographic scenarios. The action research is to understand and compare effectiveness and impact of the Goat & Sheep rearing and fattening model for poverty reduction of smallholder farmers.


MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Robotic System for Preclinical use

T Drakos; M Giannakou; G Menikou; A Filippou; N Evripidou; K Spanoudes; L Ioannou; C Damianou*

    Objectives: A Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) guided focused ultrasound system with a robotic device with 4 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) has been developed. The device has been developed for preclinical use on animals and can fit in commercial MRI scanners up to 7 T. The transducer operates at 1.1 MHz and hence can be used for deep tissue ablation, drug delivery or opening of the blood brain barrier.


Determination of Uranium in Sheep Hearts from the Navajo Nation

Andee Lister; Joshua Froyum; Jonathan Credo; Jani C Ingram*

    The purpose of this research is to characterize uranium exposure and accumulation with respect to sheep grazing on or near abandoned uranium mine sites on the Navajo Nation. The study hypothesizes lower uranium levels would be observed in sheep grazing in non-mining areas compared to those grazing in mining areas. Hearts from ten different sheep, five from each site, were analyzed for uranium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.


DNA and Non-Replicating Human Adenovirus Vectors Expressing VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Induce Humoral Immunity in the Murine Model

Carina Romanutti; Flavia Adriana Zanetti*

    An eukaryotic expression Plasmid (pXL) and a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) carrying the coding sequence of mature VP2 protein from Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) were constructed and the evaluation of their immunogenicity was carried out in the murine model. These novel recombinant vectors were able to express VP2 protein in cell cultures and to induce IBDV-seroneutralizing antibodies in mice vaccinated with heterologous prime-boost regimen.


Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with a Syringe Technique for Subcutaneous Hematoma in a Heifer

Takeshi Tsuka*; Yoshiharu Okamoto; Tomohiro Osaki; Kazuo Azuma; Masamichi Yamashita; Takao Amaha; Norihiko Ito; Yusuke Murahata; Tomohiro Imagawa

    Objective: The objective of this study was (1) to determine the relationship between syringe volume and pressure generated on evacuation and (2) to report the use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) with a syringe technique to treat a large subcutaneous hematoma of the trunk in a 2-year-old female Holstein heifer.
Methods: (1) One, two, or three syringes of different volumes were attached to a manometer. Syringes were attached to the manometer via connection tubes of different volumes.


Epidemiological Study and Causative Agent Identification of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of Western Ethiopia

Tesfaye Mersha Cherinnat*

    Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (Mmm SC). A cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate seroprevalence and associated risk factors and to detect the causative agent of the disease from seropositive animals. Therefore, a total of 576 animals were randomly selected and serum samples were collected and tested with c-ELISA.


The Major Predisposing Factors for Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens and the Use of Probiotics as New Strategy to Prevent the Disease

Silvia Riva; Tesa Panisello Monjo*

    Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by the pathogenic bacterium Clostridium perfringens is the most common and financially devastating bacterial disease in the poultry industry. The ban imposed by the European Union on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters to prevent and/or treat the NE has led to an increase in both the clinical and subclinical forms of the disease, causing a decrease in the production performances of chickens and, in the most severe cases, to an increase in mortality rate.


CarnikingTM Supplementation to LabradorRetrievers Prevents Weight Gain, Decreases Feed Intake and Increases Basal Metabolic Rate During High Calorie Intake

Varney JL; Bellamine A*; Owen, K; Durkee S; Nielsen A; Fowler JW; Coon CN

    The present study aims to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on feed intake, body weight and composition, and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), in Labrador Retrievers fed high calorie diets. Each dog was sorted into one of three groups providing 0 mg/day, 236 mg/d or 492 mg/d of L-carnitine. Each group was further split into half receiving 110% or 120% of their Maintenance Energy Requirement (MER), assessed in a metabolic chamber at baseline.


The Implementation Process of an Animal-Assisted Humane Education Programme in Hong Kong

Joe TK Ngai; Rose WM Yu; Kathy KY Chau; Jean CY Lee; Paul WC Wong*

    Animal Assisted Education (AAE) is a burgeoning field of education. Increasing bodies of studies indicated the positive effect of social functioning, emotion stabling, physiological arousal of AAE in child education. However, the application of AAE faces two significant problems. First, interventions are rarely implemented as designed and, therefore, failed to achieve the intended learning outcomes.


Nicotinate Supplements Slow Onset and Severity of Symptoms in the Monosodium Iodoacetate Rat Model for Osteoarthritis

Rashid H; Samadfam R; Durkee S; Verhoef J; Bellamine A*

    Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major, heterogenous condition with main symptoms of pain and inflammation in the affected joints. In this study, we aim to establish a Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) rat model appropriate to assess the effects of supplements on the onset of the mild to moderate osteoarthritis. Design: Different doses of MIA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg) were injected into rats to induce OA-like symptoms.


Investigating the Thermal Biology and Behaviour of Captive Radiated Tortoises

Avraham Terespolsky; James Edward Brereton*

    Thermoregulation is integral to the maintenance of reptile biological function and health, and therefore is a key area of investigation for herpetologists. To investigate the relationship between core body temperature and behaviour, a behavioural study was conducted in which iButton data loggers were placed on a group of captive radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) located at Sparsholt College’s Animal Management Centre, in Hampshire, UK. Correlations between core body temperature and specific behaviours were covered.


Fluctuating Asymmetry in Broodstocks of Litopenaeus Vannamei in Different Cultured Generations

Gilsilene Ribeiro da Silva; Patrícia Domingues de Freitas; Pedro Manoel Galetti; Wagner Franco Molina*

    Background: Captive stocks of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were formed in Brazil by inputs of wild and cultured individuals of different origins in the Pacific, with subsequent intense exchange of samples between national shrimp farms. However, a number of pure and isolated founding broodstocks of different origins were maintained as closed lineages for several generations. These lines provide a particularly useful model for detecting genetic-based phenotypic effects, caused by a potential endogamy.


Temperature Effect on Listeria Monocytogenes Planktonic Growth and Biofilm-Forming Ability

Joana Catarina Andrade; Rita Bernardo; António Salvador Barreto; Telmo Nunes; Ana Rita Henriques*

    Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with the capacity to grow at low temperatures and the ability to form biofilms. These features are particularly significant to food business operators producing ready-to-eat foods with a long refrigerated shelf-life not undergoing any listericidal treatment before consumption.


The First Record of Color and Area of Diplodus vulgaris by Using Computer-Based Image Analysis

Zayde AYVAZ*; Hasan Huseyin ATAR

    Objective: Determination of the morphological characteristics of fish species is essential for the correct identification. The most important of these morphological features is undoubtedly the color properties. The determination of color characteristics by Computer-Based Image Analysis (CBI) rather than individual identification gives more objective and consistent results.


Effect of Deltamethrin (Delcide) on the Reproductive Capacity of Laboratory Mice

VG Makarov; MA Ilyinskaya*; D Yu Akimov

    The key to successful research on laboratory animals is their quality. In the conditions of the domestic market of laboratory animals, there are a number of limiting factors, and it is practically impossible to buy animals in the necessary volume. In this regard, our preclinical center is engaged in breeding 11 types of laboratory animals. When preparing laboratory animals, we pay special attention to their health, including preventive measures including insectoacaricide treatment.


The Current Status of Prostate Cancer Animal Models

Yuanyuan Jiang; Qianqian Song; Dujuan Cao; Haoran Guo; Jianyao Wang; Junqi Li; Shuangshuang Lu*

    Prostate Cancer (PCA) is the most common malignant tumor in urinary system of men in Europe and the United States. It ranks second in male cancer mortality, only behind to lung cancer. Animal model is very important for researching carcinogenesis and testing treatments of prostate cancer. The ideal animal model should be able to effectively simulate the occurrence, development, metastasis and pathophysiological changes of human prostate cancer.


Quality of Synovial Fluids in the Carpal Joints of Japanese Black Calves

Takeshi Tsuka*; Yuko Tsuka; Yoshiharu Okamoto; Yasuho Taura

    Quality of synovial fluids has been determined about the normal and abnormal vales in adult cattle, but has not been evaluated yet in newborn and growing calves. The purpose of this study was to investigate seven measurement contents of synovial fluids obtained from 40 carpal joints of 20 Japanese black calves; color and turbidity, White Blood Cells (WBC) counts, leukocyte counts, pH values, Mucinous Precipitate Qualities (MPQ), Total Proteins (TP) concentration, and Albumin-Globulin Ratio (AG ratio).


Review on Impact of Mycotoxin Contamination on Animal Health and Productivity

Gizaw Mekonnen*

    Mycotoxins are secondary metabolism of filamentous fungi, which under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, and found in various foods and feeds, causing negative effect for human and animal health. There are different mycotoxins, which have agricultural and economic importance including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, tremorgenic toxins, and ergot alkaloids.


Combined Use of Computed Tomography and Endoscopy for Diagnosis of Cecocolic Intussuception in a Dog

Takeshi Tsuka*; Tomohiro Osaki; Yoshiharu Okamoto; Takehito Morita; Yuji Sunden; Kazuo Azuma; Masamichi Yamashita; Takao Amaha; Norihiko Ito; Yusuke Murahata; Tomohiro Imagawa

    An 8-year-old male West Highland white terrier dog presented with a 2-month history of hematochezia. No anemia was evident. The intestinal lesion was imaged as a soft-tissue opacity near the right of the first and second lumbar vertebrae on dorsal radiography, and as a structure of multiple concentric rings on transverse ultrasonography of the right abdomen.


Review on Hormonal Metabolic Adaptations of Farm Animals

Mebrate Getabalew; Tewodros Alemneh*; Derbie Zewdie

   The general aim of this review is to summarize the roles of major hormones in the metabolic adaptations of farm animals. Farm animals maintain their physiological states by release of common hormones such as thyroxin, cortisol, leptin and catecholamine. These hormones influence the effects of the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis, pancreas, kidney, liver and thyroid hormones.


In-Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Laggera Alata and Ehretia Cymosa against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus aglactiae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

Asefa Amsalu; Abaynew Gelaye; Haben Fesseha*

   An experimental study was conducted from November 2011 to May 2012 to assess the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Laggera alata and Ehretia cymosa on bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis. The plants/herbs were collected from their natural habitats and processed and extracted with 80% methanol and 95% ethanol.


Toxoplasma gondii Serology in Slaughter Pigs from Intensive Production

Alexandra Müller; Ana Caiado; Eduarda Gomes-Neves*

   Toxoplasma gondii is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that has a worldwide distribution. It cannot be detected macroscopically by traditional meat inspection methods. Instead, serology can be used to assess exposure of pigs to this agent. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in slaughter swine reared in intensive indoor production systems in Portugal.


Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants in Boloso Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Gizaw Mekonnen

   A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants in Boloso Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia during November, 2019 to June, 2020. A total of small ruminants 276 (177 sheep, and 99 goats) were included in the study by using simple random sampling. The study showed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants in study area was 64.1%.


Monitoring of the Use of Veterinary Medicines Containing Antibiotics in Cote d’Ivoire in 2013

Soufiana Kaba; Brou Andre Konan*; Virginie Atto; Jacques Yao Datte

   The intensive use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has two major consequences, namely antimicrobial resistance and the presence of residues of active molecules in animal products. In the frame of the fight against antimicrobial resistance, the surveillance plan of antibiotics sales is one of the important sources of information used for risk assessment and risk management.


Tapered Biweekly Vincristine Dosing Regimen: A Safer way to Manage Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Dominic Osei*; Enoch Obeng; Alfred Adjiri-Awere; Obed Danso Acheampong

   Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) occurs mainly in dogs, and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This report documents the chemotherapeutic protocol that treated effectively a longstanding and metastasized CTVT in a 14 Kg 6-year-old intact Ghanaian indigenous male dog. Grossly, a few ulcerated, mainly subcutaneous, granulomatoid, variably-sized and soft nodular growths at the dorsum of the cervico-thoracic region of body trunk were identified.


Bayesian Estimation of RGP90 ELISA Parameters for Diagnosis of Equine Infectious Anemia

Rejane Silva Diniz; Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos Reis; Joao Paulo Amaral Haddad*

   Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is caused by a retrovirus. The infected animal is the main source of the virus, and a laboratory diagnostic test is essential for the identification of infected horses when EIA cannot be definitively diagnosed clinically. EIA can be diagnosed based on serology, and serology methods often have limitations due to the uncertainty of sensitivity and specificity estimates.


Replacement of Concentrate Mix with Improved Forages for Afar Goats under Semi Intensive Production System Meet to Export Market Weight

Anwar Seid Hassen*; Mohammed Yasin Ali; Endris Feqi

   The experiment was conducted with the objective of to evaluate the comparative feeding value of improved forages as a replacement of concentrate mix with its economic benefits on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar goats. Twenty five yearling intact male Afar goats with initial mean body weight of 15.05 ± 1.25 (mean ± SD) were used for the experiment in randomized complete block design.


A Review on Ethno-Veterinary Medicine Practices and Indigenous Knowledge

Ayehu Menegesha

   The sector of livestock has not developed well especially in developing country beyond a subsistence type of venture, for different reasons of which animal diseases are among the top factors. Animal health could be managed traditionally via Ethno Veterinary Medicine (EVM) practices, which is a mode of identifying, use and integration of the local knowledge, related skills and custom procedures created by people for purpose of preserving health and welfare of working and productive animals.


A Review on Bovine Babesiosis

Ayehu Menegesha

   Bovines can be exposed to different protozoan parasitic diseases among those diseases bovine babesiosis is one of them, which is caused by babesia spp that are a diverse groups of tick born, obligate intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite. The most prevalent spp are babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in which the economic loss can be considerable particularly in developing country.


Types and Uses of Growth Promoters in Beef Cattle

Mebrate Getabalew; Tewodros Alemneh*; Derbie Zewdie

   Growth promoters are substances that are added to feeds as supplement or injection to improve feed utilization and growth of farm animals. Cattle producers use growth promoters to increase growth rates and improve overall efficiency and product quality. The most extensively applied growth promoters are feed additives, anabolic implants (both estrogenic and androgenic), bovine somatotropin, β-agonists and probiotics.


Establishment of a Breeding Colony of Peromyscus Yucatanicus: Comparison of Reproductive Performance Between Wild- and Laboratory Born Mice

Nicole Raymonde Van Wynsberghe; Nubia Amor Rivero-Cardenas; Mateo Fabian Itza-Ortiz; Erika Ivett Sosa-Bibiano; Elsy Nalleli Loria-Cervera*; Fernando Jose Andrade-Narvaez

    In the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico, Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) is a wild zoonotic disease. The Yucatan deer mouse, Peromyscus yucatanicus, is one of the three known reservoirs of the parasite, Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana. The study of reservoir species is of great importance to understand the immune response of a resistant host and to search for a vaccine.


Establishment of an Optimal Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Mouse Model for the Bio-Medical Industry

Chia-Chi Chen; Chien-Chao Chiu; Chia-Yu Lin; Yuan-Hao Chen; Tzu-Yun Chi; Ying-Ching Hung; Hsiao-Yun Chen; Ping-Min Huang; Tsung-Han Wu; Jyh-Shiun Lin; Pao-Hsueh Lin; Sheng-Fu Hsu; Ching-Feng Chiu; Hsuan-Wen Chiu; Wei-Huang Tsai; Yu-Hsing Lin; Shao-Wen Hung*

    Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of patients found to have PUD are asymptomatic. In symptomatic patients, the most common presenting symptom of PUD is epigastric pain, which may be associated with dyspepsia, bloating, abdominal fullness, nausea, or early satiety. Most cases of PUD are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and/or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).


Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Free-Ranging Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Domenis L*; Campanella C; Rubini D; Parovel E; Orusa R; Robetto S

    We describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Subject of this paper is an adult male of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), found in Aosta Valley Region (North-west Italy), with an evident swelling at the right mandibular region.


Application of the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mouse Model for the Establishment of Depressive Drug Screening Platform

Chia-Chi Chen; Cho-Lin Li; Tzu-Yun Chi; Chien-Chao Chiu; Chia-Yu Lin; Ying-Ching Hung; Hsiao-Yun Chen; Ping-Min Huang; Tsung-Han Wu; Jyh-Shiun Lin; Pao-Hsueh Lin; Yuan-Hao Chen; Ching-Feng Chiu; Hsuan-Wen Chiu; Wei-Huang Tsai; Yu-Hsing Lin; Shao-Wen Hung*

    Depression is a common illness worldwide. More than 264 million people are affected. This disease is different from usual mood fluctuations and short-lived emotional responses. Especially when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity, depression may become a serious health condition. Seriously, this disease can lead patients to suicide.


Advances in the Design of a Multi-Strain Homologous Probiotic Formula for Cattle

Maria Hortencia Miranda; Maria Elena Fatima Nader-Macias*

    Microorganisms colonizing different mucosas can exert diverse type of beneficial effects if they are included in probiotic formula. Then, the objective of this work was to complete the set of probiotic-related characteristics of different lactic acid bacteria strains previously isolated from different bovine mucosas to further include them in a probiotic product.


Comparative Study of Growth and Hematologic Characteristics in Dwarf Rabbit Doe (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Fed with Cowpea and Peanut Offal in the North Region of Cameroon

Herve Tchoffo*; Fanta Malloum; Herman Victor Ngoumtsop; Fulbert Aime Lontio; Sorelle Nienga Deutcheu; Dorice Kana Azafack; Arius Baulland Nguedia Dongmo; Nadege Djuissi Motchewo; Ferdinand Ngoula; Jean Raphael Kana

    Cowpea and peanut offal are massively produced in the North region of Cameroon and kept in the fields or sometimes burn after the harvest. They are rich in some interesting nutritive substances (proteins, cellulose, calcium, and phosphorous…) and can be used to boost the growth performances of herbivore animals in dry season or in the area characterized by a scarceness of fresh herbs.


Performance of Sahiwal Cattle Under Tarai Conditions in India

Kailash Nath; D Kumar*

    A study was carried out for studying the performance of Sahiwal cattle under tarai conditions based on the records on 204 cows, spread over 15 years (1961-1977) and belonging to 8 sires, in first lactation.


Studies on Some Reproduction and First Lactation Milk Yield Traits in Sahiwal and Crossbred Cattle

Dhanraj G Girimal; D Kumar*; BN Shahi; AK Ghosh; Sundip Kumar

    The present study was undertaken in Sahiwal and crossbred cattle for studying the performance of these groups of cattle for Age at First Calving (AFC), first lactation 305 day milk yield (FL305DMY), First Lactation Length (FLL) and First Lactation Peak Yield (FLPY). The effect of sire, genetic group, season, period of calving and age at first calving on these traits were also studied.


Loci associated with the chicken resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection revealed by genome-wide association study

Liying Liu; Yiyuan Yan; Lewen Liu; Nianguo Xue; Yaning Dong; Ning Yang; Xianyao Li*

    Salmonellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases in the world. Salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is an acute or chronic disease in chickens. To investigate host genetic resistance to Salmonella enteritidis, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted on 40 SE-inoculated chickens based on a case control design, including 20 resistant and 20 susceptible chickens.


Treatment of supracondylar femoral fractures in young cats and dogs using “Arrow Pin” technique

RWMH Rathnadiwakara; DDN de Silva; HM Suranji Wijekoon*

    Distal femoral fractures are frequently encountered in young cats and dogs due to road traffic accidents, falling from heights or animal bites. Among the treatment modalities, “Arrow pin technique” is a modified version of application of intramedullary pins for fixation of femoral diaphyseal/ metaphysical (supracondylar) fracture.


Dog rabies in the western region of Ghana: Survey of knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions

Paa-Kobina Turkson*; Jeffrey Wi-Afedzi

    Rabies is endemic in Ghana. However, published information on rabies is limited. This study, the first to report on the knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions (KAPP) on rabies in Ghana aims at determining the level of these for rabies management and control in 3 districts of the Western Region of Ghana. This would make available baseline data that identify gaps affecting rabies control and prevention practices while providing information for public (mass) communication, control and prevention of rabies targeting both the animal source and the human population-at-risk.


Effects of lactation on lipid profile of yankasa ewes

Musa SI

    The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects lactation on lipid profile of yankasa sheep. A total of 10 ewes were used for the study 5 lactating and 5 non lactating. The parameters evaluated include total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol...


Preparation of rabbit anti-carp IgM and dynamic changes of anti-KHV antibody level in koi serum after vaccination with purified KHV antigen

Ye XU; Yi ZHOU; Feng-zhi WANG; Ting-qi LIU; Chao DING; Jie CAO; Hong-an DUAN*

    Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) is infectious and acute viraemia of common/koi carp caused by Koi herpesvirus (KHV). In this study, common carp IgM was purified and used to immunize rabbits to prepare rabbit anti-common carp IgM. OD of the rabbit anti-common carp IgM (marked as RACIgM) positive serum at 1:10000 was 0.654, while OD of the negative control was 0.192 tested by direct ELISA...


Review on anthelmintic drug resistance nematodes and its methods of detection in Ethiopia

Abe kebede

    Small ruminants (sheep and goats) contribute to the self-sufficiency of resource-poor farmers by providing milk, meat, skin, manure and direct cash income. In the absence of sufficient feed supplies and proper health care and management, the productivity of these animals is very low. ...


Determination early pregnancy through plasma progesterone concentration in Kamori Goat

Israr Yasin*; Talha; Hira; Warisha; Sajid Hussain

    An early pregnancy was determined through plasma progesterone concentration in Kamori goat, under semi-intensive management condition. Thirty adult normal cycling Kamori goats were selected and divided in to three equal (N-10) treatment groups and synchronized with different estrus synchronization protocols.....


Effect of chosen artificial fish feeds on the growth rate of the black molly, Poecilia sphenops

Anushiya Devi; A Surendran; A Joseph Thatheyus*

    In the present experiment, the black mollies Poecilia sphenops brought from the local market were fed with naturally prepared diets such as Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 and also with commercially available diet Osaki fish food (pet store food). The weight, fork length and whole length of the fishes were determined once in every ten days. After fifty days, the fishes were sacrificed and dried in hot air oven and analysed for energy value, protein, carbohydrate and fat content....


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